![]() The occurrence of the super debris-flows is closely related to the intense glacier activity (e.g., glacier surge). The result shows that large debris-flows can be aroused when the rainstorm and the melted water are combined well, but the possibility of blocking off Brahmaputra is rare. Parametric calculation such as the flow velocity and the runoff is conducted according to the monitoring data. However, when the melted water is overlaid, the large scale debris-flows may occur. According to literature reviews, most debris-flows in the ravine are induced by rainstorms, and their scales are relatively small. Also, the strong glacier activity provides water source for debris-flow. Although this region is located in the rain shadow area, the precipitation is concentrated and most is with high intensity. The drainage basin is located in the fast uplifted area, where the complicated geologic structure, the cracked rock, and the frequent earthquake make the rocks experience strong weathering, thus plenty of granular materials are available for the formation of debris-flows. The huge altitude difference and the steep slope of the Zelongnong Ravine provide predominant energy conditions for the debris-flow. ![]() Debris-flows with medium and/or small scales occur almost every year multiple super debris-flows have also broken out in history, and have caused destructive disaster to local residents at the mouth of ravine and blocked Brahmaputra. Zelongnong Ravine, a branch ravine of Brahmaputra, is an old large glacier debris-flow ravine. ![]()
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